267 research outputs found
Smooth Renyi Entropies and the Quantum Information Spectrum
Many of the traditional results in information theory, such as the channel
coding theorem or the source coding theorem, are restricted to scenarios where
the underlying resources are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.)
over a large number of uses. To overcome this limitation, two different
techniques, the information spectrum method and the smooth entropy framework,
have been developed independently. They are based on new entropy measures,
called spectral entropy rates and smooth entropies, respectively, that
generalize Shannon entropy (in the classical case) and von Neumann entropy (in
the more general quantum case). Here, we show that the two techniques are
closely related. More precisely, the spectral entropy rate can be seen as the
asymptotic limit of the smooth entropy. Our results apply to the quantum
setting and thus include the classical setting as a special case
The Uncertainty Relation for Smooth Entropies
Uncertainty relations give upper bounds on the accuracy by which the outcomes
of two incompatible measurements can be predicted. While established
uncertainty relations apply to cases where the predictions are based on purely
classical data (e.g., a description of the system's state before measurement),
an extended relation which remains valid in the presence of quantum information
has been proposed recently [Berta et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 659 (2010)]. Here, we
generalize this uncertainty relation to one formulated in terms of smooth
entropies. Since these entropies measure operational quantities such as
extractable secret key length, our uncertainty relation is of immediate
practical use. To illustrate this, we show that it directly implies security of
a family of quantum key distribution protocols including BB84. Our proof
remains valid even if the measurement devices used in the experiment deviate
arbitrarily from the theoretical model.Comment: Weakened claim concerning semi device-independence in the application
to QKD. A full security proof for this setup without any restrictions on the
measurement devices can be found in arXiv:1210.435
Quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself
Quantum theory provides an extremely accurate description of fundamental
processes in physics. It thus seems likely that the theory is applicable beyond
the, mostly microscopic, domain in which it has been tested experimentally.
Here we propose a Gedankenexperiment to investigate the question whether
quantum theory can, in principle, have universal validity. The idea is that, if
the answer was yes, it must be possible to employ quantum theory to model
complex systems that include agents who are themselves using quantum theory.
Analysing the experiment under this presumption, we find that one agent, upon
observing a particular measurement outcome, must conclude that another agent
has predicted the opposite outcome with certainty. The agents' conclusions,
although all derived within quantum theory, are thus inconsistent. This
indicates that quantum theory cannot be extrapolated to complex systems, at
least not in a straightforward manner.Comment: 11 + 8 pages, 4 figures; substantially rewritten, including change of
title; close to published versio
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